CONSTIPATION
Constipation means a combination of infrequent bowel movements and the passing of hard motions. Food is normally actively passed down the intestines by regular wave-like contractions of the bowel (peristalsis). When the rectum is full, defecation takes place as a reflex action. There is considerable variation in the frequency with which individuals open their bowels. Although it’s quite usual for this to occur daily, a less frequent movement is quite harmless and is considered to be perfectly normal so long as the motions do not become painfully hard to pass.
There is a slight tear in the skin round the anus caused by the passing of a hard, irregular stool. When this happens defecation will be accompanied by considerable pain which often means that it has been avoided as long as possible, thereby aggravating the situation. The stool is frequently streaked with bright red blood.
If constipation continues, the muscles in the rectum gradually become stretched and lose their ability to contract. There is usually a psychological and a physical reason for this condition and medical advice should be sought.
Constipation should not be treated by over use of laxatives as it becomes counter-productive in the long run. Short time use of a mild preparation like Milk of Magnesia would be beneficial. Also the diet should contain enough roughage to stimulate normal peristalsis. Prevention of constipation can be done by ensuring adequate fluid intake and consumption of fiber rich foods.
DIARRHOEA
Diarrhoea is the passing of frequent, loose or watery stools. Attacks may be produced by a change of diet, but frequently are caused by viral, or more rarely, bacterial infections (in which case the condition is known as gastro-enteritis). It is often associated with short periods of cramp-like pain all over the tummy and may be accompanied by vomiting. Attacks usually last for only 24-48 hours and usually will clear up by themselves with no special treatment. Besides discomfort, an important effect of diarrhoea is to cause an extra loss of fluid and this could become serious if the attack is very prolonged or severe.
Treatment of diarrhoea requires abstinence from fatty or fried foods. No food or only small quantities of food should be given for the first 12 hours. The affected person must drink enough fluid so as to not get dehydrated. The amount of fluid should be modified to make up for the amount lost in the stool. A mixture such as Kaolin will help to make the stool less liquid.
Medical help has to sought if- the diarrhoea doesn’t settle within 24 hours, there is continuous pain rather than separate bouts of stomach cramps, the person suffers repeated attacks and there is blood in the stool. A healthy diet and adequate fluid intake would keep diarrhoea at bay.